11/23/2023 0 Comments Liquid iv hydration packMedications may be mixed into the fluids mentioned above, commonly normal saline, or dextrose solutions. Medication and treatment Saline and 5% dextrose solution (Left), levofloxacin 750mg (Right), and log sheet hanging from an IV pole. Another solution administered intravenously as a buffering solution is sodium bicarbonate. Lactated Ringer's solution used as a fluid expander or base solution to which medications are added also has some buffering effect. īuffer solutions which are used to correct acidosis or alkalosis are also administered through intravenous access. Crystalloids generally are much cheaper than colloids. Colloids preserve a high colloid osmotic pressure in the blood, while, on the other hand, this parameter is decreased by crystalloids due to hemodilution. Lactated Ringer's (also known as Ringer's lactate) and the closely related Ringer's acetate, are mildly hypotonic solutions often used in those who have significant burns. The most commonly used crystalloid fluid is normal saline, a solution of sodium chloride at 0.9% concentration, which is isotonic with blood. Colloids contain larger insoluble molecules, such as gelatin. Crystalloids are aqueous solutions of mineral salts or other water-soluble molecules. There are two main types of volume expander: crystalloids and colloids. Volume expansion consists of the administration of fluid-based solutions or suspensions designed to target specific areas of the body which need more water. Main articles: Volume expander and Buffer solutionįluids may be administered as part of "volume expansion", or fluid replacement, through the intravenous route. The unintentional administration of a therapy outside a vein, termed extravasation or infiltration, may cause other side effects. Phlebitis may be more likely if the same vein is used repeatedly for intravenous access, and can eventually develop into a hard cord which is unsuitable for IV access. Infections and inflammation (termed phlebitis) are also both common side effects of an IV line. Placement of an IV line may cause pain, as it necessarily involves piercing the skin. The specific type of catheter used and site of insertion are affected by the desired substance to be administered and the health of the veins in the desired site of insertion. A catheter can also be inserted into a central vein through the chest, which is known as a tunneled line. If a person is likely to need long-term intravenous therapy, a medical port may be implanted to enable easier repeated access to the vein without having to pierce the vein repeatedly. An IV line can be threaded through a peripheral vein to end near the heart, which is termed a "peripherally inserted central catheter" or PICC line. IV lines are classified as "central lines" if they end in a large vein close to the heart, or as "peripheral lines" if their output is to a small vein in the periphery, such as the arm. ![]() In some cases, multiple medications or therapies are administered through the same IV line. ![]() In cases where a patient is likely to receive many such interventions in a short period (with consequent risk of trauma to the vein), normal practice is to insert a cannula which leaves one end in the vein, and subsequent therapies can be administered easily through tubing at the other end. This is used to administer the desired therapy. The most basic intravenous access consists of a needle piercing the skin and entering a vein which is connected to a syringe or to external tubing. The act of administering a therapy intravenously, or placing an intravenous line ("IV line") for later use, is a procedure which should only be performed by a skilled professional. Many therapies are administered as a " bolus" or one-time dose, but they may also be administered as an extended infusion or drip. For this reason, the intravenous route of administration is also used for the consumption of some recreational drugs. The intravenous route is the fastest way to deliver medications and fluid replacement throughout the body as they are introduced directly into the circulatory system and thus quickly distributed. Attempts at providing intravenous therapy have been recorded as early as the 1400s, but the practice did not become widespread until the 1900s after the development of techniques for safe, effective use. It may also be used to administer medications or other medical therapy such as blood products or electrolytes to correct electrolyte imbalances. The intravenous route of administration is commonly used for rehydration or to provide nutrients for those who cannot, or will not-due to reduced mental states or otherwise-consume food or water by mouth. Intravenous therapy (abbreviated as IV therapy and known informally as the drip ) is a medical technique that administers fluids, medications and nutrients directly into a person's vein.
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